Intestinal obstruction - Symptoms & causes

 

Intestinal obstruction is a medical condition where there is a partial or complete blockage of the intestines, preventing the normal passage of food, fluids, and gas through the digestive tract. This can be a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Here, we'll discuss the symptoms and causes of intestinal obstruction.

Symptoms:

Abdominal Pain: One of the hallmark symptoms is severe abdominal pain, often described as crampy or colicky. The pain may come and go, but it tends to worsen over time.

Nausea and Vomiting: Patients with intestinal obstruction often experience persistent nausea and vomiting, which may be bilious (containing bile) in nature.

Bloating: The abdomen may become visibly distended and feel bloated due to the accumulation of gas and fluids in the blocked intestine.

Constipation: A lack of bowel movements or passing only small amounts of stool is common.

Inability to Pass Gas: Patients may find it difficult or impossible to pass gas, as well.

Loss of Appetite: The discomfort and pain associated with intestinal obstruction can lead to a loss of appetite.

Dehydration: Frequent vomiting and inability to take in fluids can lead to dehydration, which can be severe.

Causes:

Adhesions: Scar tissue from previous abdominal surgeries can cause the intestines to stick together, leading to obstruction.

Hernias: When a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, it can become trapped, causing an obstruction.

Tumors: Both benign and cancerous growths in the intestines or nearby organs can physically block the passage of contents through the intestines.

Intussusception: This occurs when one section of the intestine slides into an adjacent section, much like a telescope collapsing.

Volvolus: The intestine twists on itself, causing a blockage.

Foreign Bodies: In rare cases, ingested objects or bezoars (masses of undigested material) can obstruct the intestines.

Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, or appendicitis can cause inflammation and narrowing of the intestines, potentially leading to obstruction.

Impacted Stool: Severe constipation can cause a mass of hard stool to block the intestines.

Intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency, and if you or someone you know experiences the symptoms mentioned above, seek immediate medical attention. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and ensure a full recovery. Treatment may involve surgery to remove the blockage or other interventions depending on the underlying cause. Always consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and guidance if you suspect intestinal obstruction.


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